Social factors influence on anxiety, depression level and psychological trauma of obstetrics and gynecology residents during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background and aim: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has enforced obstetrics and gynecology (ObGyn) residency training process to undergo wide changes including lessons modifications, yet their mental health were not evaluated. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of social factors on anxiety, depression level, and psychological trauma of ObGyn residents during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the impact of COVID-19 to residency training program. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three institutions in Indonesia: the University of Indonesia, the University of Lambung Mangkurat, and the University of Syiah Kuala. A total of 169 ObGyn residents agreed to participate and were enrolled in this study. Results: Total 169 residents were eligible with a mean age of 26-42 years. 76.9% of the residents were exposed to COVID-19 patients during clinical rotation. Approximately half of them (52.6%) thought COVID-19 has brought negative effects. Long-distance learning was considered of good quality by 40.2% of participants. The majority experienced enough resting periods, nearly half of them (45.5%) were concerned about the impact of being a less competent specialist. Conclusion: Overall, no significant statistical relationship were revealed between social factors and depression, anxiety and psychological trauma in ObGyn residents during COVID-19 pandemic.

SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and pregnancy-related conditions: Concerns, challenges, management and mitigation strategies-a narrative review.

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global public health problem. The SARS-CoV-2 triggers hyper-activation of inflammatory and immune responses resulting in cytokine storm and increased inflammatory responses on several organs like lungs, kidneys, intestine, and placenta. Although SARS-CoV-2 affects individuals of all age groups and physiological statuses, immune-compromised individuals such as pregnant women are considered as a highly vulnerable group. This review aims to raise the concerns of high risk of infection, morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in pregnant women and provides critical reviews of pathophysiology and pathobiology of how SARS-CoV-2 infection potentially increases the severity and fatality during pregnancy. This article also provides a discussion of current evidence on vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Lastly, guidelines on management, treatment, preventive, and mitigation strategies of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and pregnancy-related conditions such as delivery and breastfeeding are discussed.